Nigeria’s air navigation system is facing mounting operational challenges as ageing surveillance infrastructure strains performance. The Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA) has admitted difficulties in maintaining its Total Radar Coverage of Nigeria (TRACON) system. However, the agency insists it has adopted innovative measures to sustain safe airspace monitoring despite obsolete components.
The Managing Director of NAMA, Engr. Farouk Ahmed Umar, disclosed that sourcing spare parts has become increasingly difficult. He explained that the operational challenges stem from the system’s age and global technological shifts. Meanwhile, he warned that without urgent upgrades, Nigeria risks losing critical airspace surveillance capability.
Operational Challenges in Nigeria’s TRACON System
The TRACON project was commissioned in 2010 as a multibillion-naira safety initiative. It was designed to deliver full radar coverage across Nigerian airspace using nine radar sites. In addition, the system integrates Primary Surveillance Radar and Secondary Surveillance Radar for real-time aircraft tracking and identification.
However, Engr. Farouk Ahmed Umar noted that the system’s lifecycle has exceeded industry expectations. He said most high-tech surveillance systems typically last about ten years. Therefore, since 2014, the TRACON infrastructure has gradually become outdated as global aviation moved towards advanced platforms.
He stated, “The TRACON system has aged. Components are now obsolete and lack spare parts. Most parts operate without backup, placing surveillance services at risk.” This highlights the scale of operational challenges confronting the agency.
Global air traffic management has evolved rapidly over the past decade. Systems developed by Thales Group, including EUROCAT E, have since advanced to EUROCAT C and later TOPSKY platforms. These newer systems provide enhanced automation and integrate radar with satellite-based surveillance such as ADS-B.
In contrast, Nigeria still relies largely on older-generation systems.
A source familiar with the situation explained that the country has had to improvise solutions. This includes requesting manufacturers to produce discontinued components, further reflecting persistent operational challenges.
The source stated, “The world has moved on. The United States has deployed hundreds of new radar systems to strengthen surveillance.” This refers to investments by the Federal Aviation Administration in modernising airspace infrastructure. Meanwhile, Nigeria continues to manage legacy systems under increasing pressure.
Despite these constraints, NAMA maintains that safety has not been compromised. The agency has trained air traffic controllers on non-radar procedures. These procedures ensure continuity of operations when radar signals temporarily drop.
He explained, “We rely on procedural control when radar targets disappear. These provisions ensure there are no safety issues.” However, such measures underline the ongoing operational challenges within the system.
Beyond infrastructure, financial constraints are worsening the situation. NAMA cited inadequate government funding for safety-critical projects as a major concern. In addition, a 30 per cent deduction from its internally generated revenue limits its capacity to invest in upgrades.
The agency also faces high operational costs driven by currency fluctuations and energy expenses. Engr. Farouk Ahmed Umar revealed that fuel consumption alone significantly impacts operational budgets. These financial pressures continue to compound existing operational challenges.
Another critical issue is manpower. NAMA reported shortages in both operational and technical personnel. Training programmes have also been affected by limited funding, reducing capacity development. Meanwhile, rising air traffic demand requires more skilled professionals to maintain efficiency.
During a familiarisation visit, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Aviation and Aerospace Development, Dr. Mahmoud Adam Kambari, reaffirmed government support. He described aviation agencies as critical partners in national development. In addition, he pledged closer collaboration to address sectoral concerns.
Dr. Mahmoud Adam Kambari emphasised the importance of coordinated leadership meetings. He noted that such engagements would help resolve persistent operational challenges and improve policy alignment. He also stressed staff welfare and timely promotions as key to boosting morale and productivity.
He stated, “We will support all agencies to succeed and strengthen Nigeria’s aviation sector.” Furthermore, he reiterated the government’s commitment to aligning with global standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
While Nigeria maintains a positive ICAO rating, experts warn that sustained investment is essential. Without modernisation, the gap between Nigeria and global aviation systems may widen further.
